Introduction :
IP Address is Internet Protocol Address
It is a unique address used to identify a device in the IP Network.
2 Versions of IP Address
- IPV4
- IPV6
2 Types of IP Address
- Public IP
- Private IP
IP address can be divided in to two portions
- Network Portion
- Host Portion
IPV4 Address:
It is made up of 32 Binary bits.
32 Binary bits are broken in to 4 octets (1 octet – 8 bits) and converted in to decimals.
The value of each Octet ranges from 0 to 255 in decimal or 00000000 – 11111111 in binary.
The decimal format of IPV4 address is 192.68.10.11
Subnet is an logical subdivision of an IP network. Dividing an IP network is Subnetting.
Advantages of Subnetting
Minimizes Broadcasting.
Maximizes Network Performance
Simplified Management
Secured
Subnet mask is a 32 bit number that is used to identify Network Portion & Host Portion in the IP Address.
It is made of putting all Network bits as “1” & Host bit as “0”.
Last octet is reserved for specific functions. “0” indicates the Network address and “255” used to broadcast
Types of Classes in IPV4 Address :
- Class A
- Class B
- Class C
- Class D
- Class E
Class A:
- IP ranges from 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.255
- Supports 16,777,214 hosts on each 126 Networks
- Subnet mask 255.0.0.0
- Network.Host.Host.Host (100.52.35.12)
Class B:
- IP ranges from 128.0.0.1 to 191.255.255.255
- Supports 65,534 hosts on each 16,382 Networks
- Subnet mask 255.255.0.0
- Network.Network.Host.Host
Class C:
- IP ranges from 192.0.0.1 to 233.255.255.255
- Supports 254 hosts on each 2,097,150 Networks
- Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
- Network.Network.Network.Host
Class D:
- IP ranges from 224.0.0.1 to 239.255.255.255
- Reserved for Multicasting
Class E:
- IP ranges from 240.0.0.1 to 254.255.255.254
- Reserved for Reasearch & Development Purpose
Private IP Address :
| Class | Privatet Network | Subnet Mask | Address Range |
| A | 10.0.0.0 | 255.0.0.0 | 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 |
| B | 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.0.0 | 255.240.0.0 | 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 |
| C | 192.168.0.0 | 255.255.0.0 | 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 |